The gateway controller plays a fundamental role as a communication bridge between the various ECU networks used by these different applications, managing the exchange of data with external interfaces. It is a central hub that securely and reliably interconnects and transfers data across the many different networks found in vehicles. It provides physical isolation and protocol translation to route signals between functional domains (powertrain, chassis and safety, body control, infotainment, telematics, ADAS) that share data.